The American Revolution: Writings from the War of Independence

This volume collects 18th-century writing about the American Revolution, bringing together letters, narratives, memoranda, addresses, proclamations, newspaper articles, journal and diary entries, and excerpts from memoirs written by British and American participants and observers and dealing with events in the period between April 1775 and December 1783. Most of these documents were not written for publication, and most of them existed only in manuscript form during the lifetimes of the persons who wrote them. The texts presented in this volume are taken from the best printed sources available. In cases where there is only one printed source for a document, the text offered here comes from that source. Where there is more than one printed source for a document, the text printed in this volume is taken from the source that contains the fewest editorial alterations in the spelling, capitalization, paragraphing, and punctuation of the document.

This volume prints texts as they appear in the sources listed below, but with a few alterations in editorial procedure. The bracketed conjectural readings of editors, in cases where original manuscripts or printed texts were damaged or difficult to read, are accepted without brackets in this volume when those readings seem to be the only possible ones; but when they do not, or when the editor made no conjecture, the missing word or words are indicated by a bracketed two-em space, i.e., [ ]. In cases where an obvious misspelling was marked by earlier editors with "[sic]," the present volume omits the "[sic]" and corrects the slip of the pen. In some cases, obvious errors were not marked by earlier editors with "[sic]" but were printed and then followed by a bracketed correction; in these instances, this volume removes the brackets and accepts the editorial emendation. Bracketed editorial insertions used in the source texts to identify persons or places have been deleted in this volume. In cases where the source text printed susperseded wordings from an earlier draft of a document within brackets, this volume deletes the bracketed material and presents the final text of the document. In instances where canceled, but still legible, words were printed in the source texts with lines through the deleted material, this volume omits the canceled words. If the source text used marks to indicate interlineated material in the original manuscript, this volume prints the interlineated material but deletes the indicative marks.

The following is a list of the documents included in this volume, in the order of their appearance, giving the source of each text.

• Paul Revere: Memorandum on Events of April 18, 1775. Eldridge Henry Goss, The Life of Colonel Paul Revere, vol. 1 (Boston: J.G. Cupples, 1891), 213-29. Frederick MacKenzie: Diary, April 18-21, 1775. Diary of Frederick MacKenzie: Giving a Daily Narrative of his Military Service as an Officer in the Regiment of Royal Welch Fusiliers During the Years 1775-1781 in Massachusetts Rhode Island and New York, vol. 1 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1930), 17-29. © 1930, 1958 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press.
• Thomas Gage to the Earl of Dartmouth, April 22, 1775. The Correspondence of General Thomas Gage, vol. 1, ed. Clarence Edwin Carter (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1931), 396-97. ý 1931 by Yale University Press.
• John Dickinson to Arthur Lee, April 29, 1775. Richard Henry Lee, Life of Arthur Lee, LL.D., vol. 2 (Boston: Wells and Lilly, 1829), 307-11.
• Peter Oliver: from "The Origin & Progress of the American Rebellion." Peter Oliver's Origin & Progress of the American Rebellion: A Tory View, ed. Douglass Adair and John A. Schutz (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1967), 118-23. ý 1961 by the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Reprinted with the permission of the Henry E. Huntington Library.
• George Washington: Address to the Continental Congress, June 16, 1775. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 167. Reprinted with permission of the University Press of Virginia.
• John Adams to Abigail Adams, June 17, 1775. The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family, 1762-1784, ed. L. H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, and Mary-Jo Kline (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975), 89-90. ý 1963 by The Massachusetts Historical Society. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press.
• Eliphalet Dyer to Joseph Trumbull, June 17, 1775. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789, vol. 1, ed. Paul H. Smith (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1976), 499-500.
• Samuel Blachley Webb to Joseph Webb, June 19, 1775. Correspondence and Journals of Samuel Blachley Webb, vol. 1, ed. Worthington C. Ford (New York: 1893), 64-65.
• George Washington to Burwell Bassett, June 19, 1775. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 169-70. Reprinted with permission of the University Press of Virginia.
• John Adams to Abigail Adams, June 23, 1775. The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family, 1762-1784, ed. L.H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, and Mary-Jo Kline (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975), 91-92. © 1963 by The Massachusetts Historical Society. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press.
• Peter Oliver: from "The Origin & Progress of the American Rebellion." Peter Oliver's Origin & Progress of the American Rebellion: A Tory View, ed. Douglass Adair and John A. Schutz (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1967), 123-132. © 1961 by the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Reprinted with the permission of the Henry E. Huntington Library.
• Benjamin Franklin to William Strahan, July 5, 1775. Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J.A. Leo Lemay (New York: The Library of America, 1987), 904.
• The Continental Congress: Address to the Six Nations, July 13, 1775. Journals of the Continental Congress 1774-1789, vol. 2, ed. Worthington C. Ford (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1905), 178-83.
• Abigail Adams to John Adams, July 16, 1775. The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family, 1762-1784, ed. L.H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, and Mary-Jo Kline (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975), 99-104. © 1963 by The Massachusetts Historical Society. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press.
• Lord Rawdon to the Earl of Huntingdon, August 3, 1775. Report on the Manuscripts of the Late Reginald Rawdon Hastings, Esq., vol. 3, ed. Francis Bickley (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1934), 154-59.
• Ethan Allen: from "A narrative of Col. Ethan Allen's captivity." Ethan Allen, A Narrative of Colonel Ethan Allen's Captivity, From the Time of his Being Taken by the British, near Montreal, on the 25th day of September, in the year 1775, to the Time of his Exchange, on the 6th Day of May, 1778 (Boston: Draper and Folsom, 1779), 3-9.
• To the Virginia Gazette, November 24, 1775. Virginia Gazette, November 24, 1775.
• William Woodford to Edmund Pendleton, December 5, 1775. Richmond College Historical Papers, vol. 1 (Richmond, Va.: 1915), 110-13.
• Martha Washington to Elizabeth Ramsey, December 30, 1775. "Worthy Partner": The Papers of Martha Washington, ed. Joseph E. Fields (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1994), 164-65.
• Isaac Senter: Journal, November 1-December 31, 1775. March to Quebec: Journals of the Members of Arnold's Expedition, ed. Kenneth Roberts (New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc., 1938), 218-35.
• Sarah Hodgkins and Joseph Hodgkins, February 1-20, 1776. Herbert T. Wade and Robert A. Lively, This Glorious Cause: The Adventures of Two Company Officers in Washington's Army (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958), 190-94. Copyright © 1958 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.
• John Bowater to the Earl of Denbigh, March 25, 1776. The Lost War: Letters from British officers during the American Revolution, ed. Marion Balderston and David Syrett (New York: Horizon Press, 1975), 70-72.
• Abigail Adams to John Adams, March 31, 1776. The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family, 1762-1784, ed. L.H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, and Mary-Jo Kline (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975), 120-21. © 1963 by The Massachusetts Historical Society. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press.
• Peter Oliver: from "The Origin & Progress of the American Rebellion." Peter Oliver's Origin & Progress of the American Rebellion: A Tory View, ed. Douglass Adair and John A. Schutz (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1967), 140-44. © 1961 by the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Reprinted with the permission of the Henry E. Huntington Library.
• John Adams to Abigail Adams, July 3, 1776. The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family, 1762-1784, ed. L.H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, and Mary-Jo Kline (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975), 138-42. ý 1963 by The Massachusetts Historical Society. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press.
• The Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 1, ed. Julian P. Boyd (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950), 429-32. Copyright ý 1950 renewed 1978 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.
• Isaac Bangs: Journal, July 10, 1776. Proceeding of the New Jersey Historical Society, 1856-1859, vol. 8 (Newark, N.J.: 1859), 125.
• Landon Carter: Diary, June 26-July 16, 1776. The Diary of Colonel Landon Carter of Sabine Hall, 1752-1778, vol. 2, ed. Jack P. Greene (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1965), 1051-59.
• Ambrose Serle: Journal, July 12-23, 1776. The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, Secretary to Lord Howe 1776-1778, ed. Edward H. Tatum Jr. (San Marino, California: Huntington Library, 1940), 28-40. Copyright ý 1940 by the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
• Joseph Reed: Memorandum on Meeting Between George Washington and James Paterson, July 20, 1776. The Papers of George Washington: Revolutionary War Series, vol. 5, ed. Philander D. Chase (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1993), 398-401. Reprinted with permission of the University Press of Virginia.
• Benjamin Franklin to Lord Howe, July 20, 1776. Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J.A. Leo Lemay (New York: The Library of America, 1987), 992-94.
• Henry Laurens to John Laurens, August 14, 1776. The Papers of Henry Laurens, vol. 11, ed. David R. Chesnutt (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1988), 222-35. ý 1988 by University of South Carolina Press. Reprinted with permission.
• Philip Vickers Fithian: Journal, August 11-30, 1776. Philip Vickers Fithian: Journal, 1775-1776, Written on the Virginia-Pennsylvania Frontier and in the Army around New York, ed. Robert Greenhalgh Albion and Leonidas Dodson (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1934), 207-21.
• Jabez Fitch: Diary, August 27-28, 1776. The New-York Diary of Lieutenant Jabez Fitch of the 17th (Connecticut) Regiment from August 2, 1776 to December 15, 1777, ed. W.H.W. Sabine (New York: Colburn & Tegg, 1954), 30-34.
• Henry Strachey: Memorandum on Meeting Between Lord Howe and the American Commissioners, September 11, 1776. Paul Leicester Ford, "Lord Howe's Commission to Pacify the Colonies," Atlantic Monthly, vol. 77 (June 1896), 758-66.
• Ambrose Serle: Journal, August 22-September 15, 1776. The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, Secretary to Lord Howe 1776-1778, ed. Edward H. Tatum Jr. (San Marino, California: Huntington Library, 1940), 71-105. Copyright © 1940 by the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
• Philip Vickers Fithian: Journal, September 15, 1776. Philip Vickers Fithian: Journal, 1775-1776, Written on the Virginia-Pennsylvania Frontier and in the Army around New York, ed. Robert Greenhalgh Albion and Leonidas Dodson (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1934), 232-35.
• Benjamin Trumbull: Journal, September 15-16, 1776. Collections of the Connecticut Historical Society, vol. 7 (Hartford: Connecticut Historical Society, 1899), 193-96.
• Frederick MacKenzie: Diary, September 20-22, 1776. Diary of Frederick MacKenzie: Giving a Daily Narrative of his Military Service as an Officer in the Regiment of Royal Welch Fusiliers During the Years 1775-1781 in Massachusetts Rhode Island and New York, vol. 1 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1930), 58-62. © 1930, 1958 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press.
• Robert Auchmuty to the Earl of Huntingdon, January 8, 1777. Report on the Manuscripts of the Late Reginald Rawdon Hastings, Esq., vol. 3, ed. Francis Bickley (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1934), 189-92.
• George Washington to Lund Washington, December 10 and 17, 1776. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 258-62. Reprinted with permission of the University Press of Virginia.
• Thomas Paine: The American Crisis, Number I, December 19, 1776. Thomas Paine: Collected Writings, ed. Eric Foner (New York: The Library of America, 1995), 91-99.
• Thomas Rodney: Diary, December 18-25, 1776. Diary of Captain Thomas Rodney, 1776-1777, ed. Cýsar A. Rodney (Wilmington: The Historical Society of Delaware, 1888), 14-23.
• George Washington to John Hancock, December 27, 1776. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 262-64. Reprinted with permission of the University Press of Virginia.
• Thomas Rodney: Diary, January 2-4, 1777. Diary of Captain Thomas Rodney, 1776-1777, ed. Cýsar A. Rodney (Wilmington: The Historical Society of Delaware, 1888), 30-39.
• Nicholas Cresswell: Journal, January 5-17, 1777. The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell,1774-1777 (New York: The Dial Press, 1924), 179-81.
• Jabez Fitch: Narrative. The New-York Diary of Lieutenant Jabez Fitch of the 17th (Connecticut) Regiment from August 22, 1776 to December 15, 1777, edited by W.H.W. Sabine (New York: Colburn & Tegg), 1954, 136-58.
• John Peebles: Diary, February 13-24, 1777. John Pebbles' American War: the Diary of a Scottish Grenadier, 1776-1782, ed. Ira D. Gruber (Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1998), 92-98. Reprinted by permission of Sutton Publishing, Ltd.
• Abigail Adams to John Adams, March 8, 1777. The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family, 1762-1784, ed. L. H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, and Mary-Jo Kline (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975), 168-69. ý 1963 by The Massachusetts Historical Society. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press.
• John Burgoyne: Proclamation, June 23, 1777. Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society: 1871-1873, (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1873), 189-90.
• William Digby: Journal, July 24-October 13, 1777. James Phinney Baxter, The British Invasion from the North, (Albany: Joel Munsell's Sons, 1887), 233-305.
• John Andrý: Journal, August 31-October 4, 1777. Major Andrý's Journal: Operations of the British Army under Lieutenant Generals Sir William Howe and Sir Henry Clinton, June 1777 to November 1778 (Tarrytown, N.Y.: William Abbatt, 1930), 41-57. Reprinted by permission of Ayer Co. Publishers.
• John Glover to Jonathan Glover and Azor Orne, September 21 and 29, 1777. Historical Collections of the Essex Institute, vol. 5. (Salem: G.M. Whipple & A.A. Smith, 1863), 101-3.
• John Adams to Abigail Adams, September 30, 1777. The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family, 1762-1784, ed. L. H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, and Mary-Jo Kline (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975), 193-94. ý 1963 by The Massachusetts Historical Society. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press.
• Samuel Shaw to Francis Shaw, September 30, October 3, 13, and 15, 1777. Josiah Quincy, The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, the first American Consul at Canton, with a Life of the Author (Boston: Wm. Crosby and H.P. Nichols, 1847), 37-43.
• Robert Morton: Diary, September 16-December 14, 1777. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol.1 (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1877), 2-37.
• Sarah Wister: Journal, October 19-December 12, 1777. The Journal and Occasional Writings of Sarah Wister, ed. by Kathryn Zabelle Derounian (Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1987), 44-56. Reprinted with permission of Associated University Presses.
• George Washington: General Orders, December 17, 1777. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 280-81.
• Albigence Waldo: Diary, December 11-29, 1777. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 21 (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1897), 305-15.
• John Laurens to Henry Laurens, January 14 and February 2, 1778. The Papers of Henry Laurens, vol. 12, ed. David R. Chesnutt (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1990), 305, 390-92. ý 1990 by University of South Carolina Press. Reprinted with permission.
• John Laurens to Henry Laurens, May 7, 1778. The Papers of Henry Laurens, vol. 13, ed. David R. Chesnutt (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1992), 264-66. © 1992 by University of South Carolina Press. Reprinted with permission.
• Ambrose Serle: Journal, March 9-June 19, 1778. The American Journal of Ambrose Serle, Secretary to Lord Howe 1776-1778, ed. Edward H. Tatum Jr. (San Marino, California: Huntington Library, 1940), 278-313. Copyright © 1940 by the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
• The Continental Congress: Response to British Peace Proposals, June 13-17, 1778. The Annual Register, or a View of the History, Politics, and Literature for the Year 1778, (London: J. Dodsley, 1779), 327-330.
• Henry Laurens to Horatio Gates, June 17, 1778. The Papers of Henry Laurens, vol. 13, ed. David R. Chesnutt (Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1992), 472-73. © 1992 by University of South Carolina Press. Reprinted with permission.
• John André: Journal, June 16-July 5, 1778. Major André's Journal: Operations of the British Army under Lieutenant Generals Sir William Howe and Sir Henry Clinton, June 1777 to November 1778 (Tarrytown, N.Y.: William Abbatt, 1930), 74-82. Reprinted by permission of Ayer Co. Publishers.
• James McHenry: Journal, June 18-July 23, 1778. Journal of a March, a Battle, and a Waterfall, being the version elaborated by James McHenry from his Diary of the Year 1778, Begun at Valley Forge, & containing accounts of the British, the Indians, and the Battle of Monmouth, ed. Helen Flynt and Henry Flynt (Greenwich, Connecticut: privately printed, 1945), 1-11.
• John Laurens to Henry Laurens, June 30 and July 2, 1778. The Papers of Henry Laurens, vol. 13, ed. David R. Chesnutt (Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1992), 532-37, 543-46. © 1992 by University of South Carolina Press. Reprinted with permission.
• J. Hector St. John Crèvecouer: Narrative of the Wyoming Massacre. St. John de Crývecýur, Sketches of Eighteenth Century America: More "Letters from an American Farmer," ed. Henri L. Bourdini, Ralph H. Gabriel, and Stanley T. Williams (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1925), 192-206. © 1925 by Yale University Press.
• Peter Oliver: from "The Origin & Progress of the American Rebellion." Peter Oliver's Origin & Progress of the American Rebellion: A Tory View, ed. Douglass Adair and John A. Schutz (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1967), 132-34. © 1961 by the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Reprinted with the permission of the Henry E. Huntington Library.
• George Washington to Henry Laurens, November 14, 1778. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 327-30.
• George Washington to Benjamin Harrison, December 18, 1778. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 330-34.
• Stephen De Lancey to Cornelia Barclay De Lancey, January 14, 1779. Catherine S. Crary, The Price of Loyalty: Tory Writings from the Revolutionary Era (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973), 271-74.
• George Rogers Clark: Narrative of the March to Vincennes. William Hayden English, Conquest of the Country Northwest of the River Ohio, 1778-1783; and Life of Gen. George Rogers Clark, vol. 1 (Indianapolis: Bowen-Merrill Company, 1896), 520-42
• Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, March 14, 1779. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 2, ed. Harold C. Syrett (New York: Columbia University Press, 1961), 17-18. ý 1961 Columbia University Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.
• George Washington to Henry Laurens, March 20, 1779. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 337-38.
• Samuel Shaw to Francis and Sarah Shaw, June 28, 1779. Josiah Quincy, The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, the first American Consul at Canton, with a Life of the Author (Boston: Wm. Crosby and H.P. Nichols, 1847), 58-60.
• "A Whig": To the Public, July 30, 1779. Pennsylvania Packet, August 5, 1779.
• William Barton: Journal, August 27-September 14, 1779. Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society, 1846-1847, vol. 2 (Newark, N.J.: 1848), 29-37.
• John Paul Jones to Benjamin Franklin, October 3, 1779. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 30, ed. Barbara Oberg (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993), 444-62.
• William Moultrie: Journal, April 2-May 12, 1780. William Moultrie, Memoirs of the American Revolution, So Far As It Related to the States of North and South-Carolina, and Georgia, vol. 2 (New York: David Longworth, 1802), 66-85, 108-12.
• The Sentiments of a Lady in New-Jersey, July 12, 1780. New-Jersey Gazette, July 12, 1780.
• Otho Holland Williams: Narrative of the Battle of Camden. William Johnson, Sketches of the Life and Correspondence of Nathanael Greene, Major General of the Armies of the United States, in the War of the Revolution, vol. 1 (Charleston, S.C.: A.E. Miller, 1822), 492-98.
• Royal Gazette: "Strayed ... a Whole Army," September 16, 1780. Royal Gazette, September 16, 1780.
• Benedict Arnold: To the inhabitants of America, October 7, 1780. Isaac N. Arnold, The Life of Benedict Arnold (Chicago: Jansen, McClurg & Company, 1880), 330-32.
• Benedict Arnold to Lord Germain, October 7, 1780. Winnowings in American History: Revolutionary Narratives, No. V, ed. Paul Leicester Ford (Brooklyn, N.Y.: Historical Printing Club, 1891), 5-7, 9-17.
• Alexander Hamilton to John Laurens, October 11, 1780. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 2, ed. Harold C. Syrett (New York: Columbia University Press, 1961), 460-70. ý 1961 Columbia University Press. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.
• Robert Campbell: Narrative of the Battle of King's Mountain. Lyman C. Draper, King's Mountain and its Heroes: History of the Battle of King's Mountain, October 7th, 1780, and the events which led to it (Cincinnati: P.G. Thomson, 1881), 537-40.
• George Washington: Circular to the State Governments, October 18, 1780. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 393-400.
• Anthony Allaire: Diary, October 7-November 25, 1780. Lyman C. Draper, King's Mountain and its Heroes: History of the Battle of King's Mountain, October 7th, 1780, and the events which led to it (Cincinnati: P.G. Thomson, 1881), 510-15.
• Enos Reeves: Letterbook Extracts, January 2-17, 1781, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1897), 72-80.
• Oliver De Lancey: Journal, January 3-21, 1781. Carl Van Doren, Mutiny in January (New York: The Viking Press, 1943), 243-49.
• George Washington to Philip Schuyler, January 10, 1781. The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799, vol. 21, ed. John C. Fitzpatrick (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1937), 79-80.
• Nathanael Greene to Alexander Hamilton, January 10, 1781. The Papers of General Nathanael Greene, vol. 7, ed. Dennis M. Conrad and Richard K. Showman (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 87-91. Copyright © 1994 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
• Nathanael Greene to Catherine Greene, January 12, 1781. The Papers of General Nathanael Greene, vol. 7, ed. Dennis M. Conrad and Richard K. Showman (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 102-3. Copyright © 1994 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
• Thomas Jefferson: Narrative of Arnold's Raid, January 13, 1781. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 4, ed. Julian P. Boyd (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951), 269-70. Copyright © 1951 renewed 1979 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.
• Daniel Morgan to Nathanael Greene, January 19, 1781. The Papers of General Nathanael Greene, vol. 7, ed. Dennis M. Conrad and Richard K. Showman (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 152-55. Copyright ý 1994 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
• George Washington to Robert Howe, January 22, 1781. The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799, vol. 21, ed. John C. Fitzpatrick (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1937), 128-29.
• Royal Gazette: "Our Last Will and Testament," January 31, 1781. Royal Gazette, January 31, 1781.
• Nathanael Greene to George Washington, February 9, 1781. The Papers of General Nathanael Greene, vol. 7, ed. Dennis M. Conrad and Richard K. Showman (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 267-69. Copyright © 1994 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
• Nathanael Greene to Joseph Reed, March 18, 1781. The Papers of General Nathanael Greene, vol. 7, ed. Dennis M. Conrad and Richard K. Showman (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 448-51. Copyright © 1994 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
• Nathanael Greene to George Washington, March 18, 1781. The Papers of General Nathanael Greene, vol. 7, ed. Dennis M. Conrad and Richard K. Showman (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 451-52. Copyright © 1994 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
• Nathanael Greene to Thomas Jefferson, April 28, 1781. The Papers of General Nathanael Greene, vol. 8, ed. Dennis M. Conrad (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 165-67. Copyright © 1995 by the University of North Carolina Press. Used by permission of the publisher.
• Ebenezer Denny: Journal, May 1-15, 1781. Military Journal of Major Ebenezer Denny, an Officer in the Revolutionary and Indian Wars (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1859), 33-35.
• Thomas Brown to David Ramsay, December 23, 1786. George White, Historical Collections of Georgia (New York: Pudney & Russell, 1854), 614-19.
• Josiah Atkins: Diary, June 6-July 7, 1781. The Diary of Josiah Atkins, ed. Steven E. Kagle (New York: Arno, 1975), 24-39. Reprinted by permission of Ayer Co. Publishers.
• Ebenezer Denny: Journal, June 18-July 7, 1781. Military Journal of Major Ebenezer Denny, an Officer in the Revolutionary and Indian Wars (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1859), 35-38.
• James Robertson to William Knox, July 12, 1781. The Twilight of British Rule in Revolutionary America: The New York Letter Book of General James Robertson, 1780-1783, ed. Milton M. Klein and Ronald W. Howard (Cooperstown: The New York State Historical Association, 1983), 209-12. Reproduced Courtesy of the New York State Historical Association, Cooperstown, New York.
• Otho Holland Williams, Narrative of the Battle of Eutaw Springs. R. W. Gibbes, ed., Documentary History of the American Revolution... Chiefly in South Carolina, in 1781 and 1782, vol. 3, (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1857), 144-57.
• Ebenezer Denny: Journal, September 1-November 1, 1781. Military of Journal of Major Ebenezer Denny, an Officer in the Revolutionary and Indian Wars (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1859), 38-46.
• St. George Tucker: Journal, September 28-October 20, 1781. Edward M. Riley, "St. George Tucker's Journal of the Siege of Yorktown," William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd series, vol. 5 (1948), 380-94.
• James Robertson to Lord Amherst, October 17, 1781. The Twilight of British Rule in Revolutionary America: The New York Letter Book of General James Robertson, 1780-1783, ed. Milton M. Klein and Ronald W. Howard (Cooperstown: The New York State Historical Association, 1983), 220-22. Reproduced courtesy of the New York State Historical Association, Cooperstown, New York.
• Lord Cornwallis to Henry Clinton, October 20, 1781. Theodore Thayer, Yorktown: Campaign of Strategic Options (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1975), 127-30.
• Anna Rawle: Diary, October 25, 1781. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 16 (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1892), 104-7.
• Robert Gray: Observations on the War in Carolina. South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, vol. 11 (1910), 140-59.
• William Feilding to the Earl of Denbigh, August 10, 1782. The Lost War: Letters from British officers during the American Revolution, ed. Marion Balderston and David Syrett (New York: Horizon Press, 1975), 218-20.
• Ebenezer Denny: Journal, January 4-December 13, 1782. Military of Journal of Major Ebenezer Denny, an Officer in the Revolutionary and Indian Wars (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1859), 46-49.
• John Armstrong: The Newburgh Address, c. March 10, 1783. Journals of the Continental Congress 1774-1789, vol. 24, ed. Gaillard Hunt (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922), 295-97.
• George Washington to Joseph Jones, March 12, 1783. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 493-95.
• George Washington: Speech to the Officers, March 15, 1783. George Washington: Writings, ed. John Rhodehamel (New York: The Library of America, 1997), 496-500.
• Samuel Shaw to the Rev. Eliot, April 1783. Josiah Quincy, The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, the first American Consul at Canton, with a Life of the Author (Boston: Wm. Crosby and H.P. Nichols, 1847), 99-105.
• A New York Loyalist to Lord Hardwicke, c. Summer 1783. Catherine S. Crary, The Price of Loyalty: Tory Writings from the Revolutionary Era (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973), 360-62.
• George Washington and Thomas Mifflin: Speeches in the Continental Congress, December 23, 1783. Journals of the Continental Congress 1774-1789, vol. 25, ed. Gaillard Hunt (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922), 837-39.
• James McHenry to Margaret Caldwell, December 23, 1783. Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789, vol. 21, ed. Paul H. Smith (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1994), 221-22.

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